High frequency tube



Jan. 15,. 1935. J, SAX; 1,988,398

HIGH FREQUENCY TUBE Filed Oct. 28, 1932 i v INVENTOR.

JFWA GJSAAZ 1 G Z156 m ATTORNEY waves is that of Barkha Patented .5. i5, 2%.

UNITED STATES mos rasousucr runs Irving J. Sax

Receptor 00.

tion of New York New York, N. 2., assignmto Radiolinc., New York. N. 2., a W

1932, Serial No. 840.045

Austria November 17, 1931 10 Claims. (Cl. 259-215) Appiicatioiin october 28,

This invention relates to high frequency generators and receivers, and is particularly directed to the provision of an oscillation generator of the vacuum type for generating oscillations of ultra 5 short and quasi-optical wave length.

. Wave ienms of the type aforementioned, can advantageously be employed for many purposes and in many arts, provided the same be. produced of'sui'iicient amplitude (that is with com paratively higher energy output than heretofore obtained with vacuum discharge tubes for gen erating waves of this type) and by simple and inexpensive means.

It is the object of this invention'to provide a generator and receiver of the vacuum tube type whereby substantially higher energy output at ultra snort arriquasi-optical wave lengths may be produced in a highly efllcient, simple and inexpensive manner.

Other objects of this invention will in part be obvious and in part hereinafter pointed out.

The invention consists in the method, features oi construction, combinations of elements, and arrangement of in the construction hereinafter described, and of which the scope of appiication will be indicated in the following claims.

A well-known math usen-Kurz in accord once with which the frequency is determined by the time during which the electrons remain in the space between the electrodes. In accordance with this method. a pendular movement oi the electrons relative to the grid is caused by im-' parting a high positive a low negative or small positive potential to the anode, the electrons passing through the grid at high velocity being returned by the retarding iield of the anode and thus made again to pass 40 through the grid, andthe pendular cycle thus then repeated. in this method, however, voltages of high frequency characteristics are generated upon the plate which tend to decrease the amplitude of the generated waves, 1. e. the energy output. In accordance with this invention the capacity of the plate relative to ground is increased to such a degree that at the high frequencies aforementioned, the increasedelectric density over the plate reduces the variations of the voltages generated upon the same to such an extent that the plate voltage is practically stabilized. Thus the amplitudes of the high frequency voltages generated upon the grid are substantially greater than those generated over the plate, thus substantially increasing the amplitude of the generated waves. This increase of the plate capacity against ground should be accomplished without bringing in proximity to the tube any grounded conductor of electricity so as at the on same time not to increase the capacity against parts which will be exemplified potential to the grid and ground of the grid or other elements of the tube when increasing the plate capacity as tioned. Moreover, this increased capacity of the plate must be'accomplished without many way changing the electrical characteristics of the other interior elements of the tube.

. I have found that the increase of plate capacity relative to ground in. such way as to satisfy the aiorementioned conditions, may preferably be accomplished in the manner and construction hereinafter described.

It is well known that. the capacity of a cylinder increases as. a positive function of its radius and length. Therefore, I obtain the accordance with my the plate cylinder with another cylinder of larger desired eiiect in invention bysurrounding diameter, the diameter and length of the plate,

cylinder rem unchanged. ,The inner and outer plate cylinders are spaced from each other and. electrically connected with eachptherat several points'by" conductinsplecesfof length preferably equal to a small fraction or the wave length to be generated.

t In the drawing accompanying i0 g I a Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a vacuum tube embodying the invention; 7 v Fig. 2' is a longitudinal cross-sectional view "taken on'line 2-2 of Fig. 1:

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional viewtaken on line 3--3 of Fig. 1; and

Figs. & to}! are diagrammatic views of the tube in'which mentsare diflerently arranged.

Referring now to Figs. 1' to 3,1 is the vacuum tube in which are mounted theiilament F, grid G and anode. The latter comprisesan inner cyla concentric cylinder C .two cylinders Fund '0'? beingelectrically connected by conducting pieces inder P surrounded by of larger diameter, the

A A, A A The filament F is supp rted at its ends by spring holders F F connected to lead wires F, F carried out through the pressed portion 8 of the tube stem. The grid G is supported by the glass arm G and formed from the tube stem, holders G G connected which is led out through theleads G G other end of said supported by the brace member P its upper end to-the outer cylinder C, the lower end passing into the stem through which the anode is led' out by means of the lead wire P.

and a pair'of to the ends of the grid the body of the tube by electrically connected to' the In Fig. 4 the inner cylinder anode as well as the filament and grid are arranged longitudinally in the tube, the filament being 'iedaout through each end of the tube by leads F, F, and the plate and grid being led out mid-way between the from the wallet the tube ends thereof respectively.

extending upwardly holders G, G. The anode isconnected at this speciflcathe connections tothe various tube clef v "by means of the leads 2, P, the latter being increasing the amplitude of the generated wave connected to the supporting member P to which comprising means for increasing the capacity the ends of the grid are electrically connected. against ground of the entire anode only.

In Fig. 5 a simplified construction is shown in 3. A high frequency oscillation tube of the 5 which the anode voltage is led out through to top Barkhausen-Kurz type having an envelope hous- 6 of the tube as at 'P and the connection to the grid ing a cathode, grid and anode, said anode adapted made through the 1 pressed portion of the stem to be energized at a uniform potential lower than of the tube. I the grid and means for producing an anode In Fig. 6 the grid and anode are led out through capacity against ground independent of said 10 the top of the tube as at G", P and in Fig. 'I all cathode and grid suflicient to maintain the poten- 10 the leads are carried through the pressed portial of the entire anode substantially constant tion' of the stem of the tube. during variations in grid potential.

Increased energy output may be obtained by 4. A high frequency oscillation tube of -the connecting tubes embodying this invention in Barkhausen-Kurz-type having an envelope houslo parallel, for instance, according to the Lecher ing acathode, grid and anode, said anode adapted system, wherein the tubes are so connected that to be energized at a potential lower than that of they cooperate properly and in correct phase. the grid and means for producing an anode In addition to the advantages of my construccapacity against ground independent of said tion above mentioned, it is to be noted that the cathode and grid suflicient to inhibit the genera V larger cylinder serves to materially decrease the tion of high frequency voltage variations on the 20 .heating of the inner cylinder. entire anode. r

The supports or holders for the grid and anode 5. A tri-electrocie vacuum discharge device of need not be of metal throughout their length, the short wave type comprising a filament, grid but may be fused onto glass rods which are in and anode,.said anode adapted to be energized at 26 turn fused at one end into the pressed portion a uniform potential during operation and comof the stem, the opposite end serving'to carry prising conductors spaced from'each other in the these tube elements. direction of electron flow for the purpose of in- While Ihave described my inventionin relation creasing the capacity against ground of said to its embodiment in the form of an oscillation anode only.

80 generator, I have found that vacuum tubes con- 6; A tri-electrode vacuum discharge device of 30 structed in accordance with the invention may the short wave type comprising a filament, grid also be employed in the receiving end of a wireand anode, said anode adapted to be energized at less system, and that such tubes are efiective in a uniform potential during operation and co connection with the reception of ultra short and prising conductors spaced fro 88 quasi-optical waves; so thatg generator tl 5 tobegenerated andinthe time in accordance with this invention may; also direction of electron flow for the purpose of inbe used in a given system as a receiver by proper creasing the capacity against ground of said switching arrangements. V anode only.

While in the embodiment here shown, the in 7. A high frequency oscillation tube of the 40 crease of the anode capacity is accomplished by Barkhausen-Kurz type comprising an envelope 40 an additional cylinder of larger diameter, it will housing a cathode, grid and anode, said anode be understood that other methods may be 11- adapted to be energized at a uniform potentialsorted tofor the purpose of obtaining such induring operation and comprising conductors creased anode capacity, for example, insteadofipacediromeacletherainihejlrec tion of elec.

46 two concentric cylinders a single hollow cylinder tron flow and electrically conductively eormtedflfi of substantial wall thickness may be employed to each other for the purpose of increasing the for the plate, and various other methods for incapacity against ground of said anode only. creasing the plate capacity will readily occur to 8. A high frequency oscillation tube of the those skilled in the art. Barkhausen-Kurz type comprising an envelope 60 It will thus be seen that there is provided a housing a cathode, grid and anode, said anode 50 system and .device inwhich the several objects comprising a plurality of concentric cylindrical of this invention are achieved, and which is well conductors spaced from each other in the direcadapted to meet the conditions of practical use. tion ofeiectron flow and electrically conductively Asvarious possible embodiments mightbemade connected to each other for the purpose of in- 66 of the above invention and as various changes creasing the capacity against ground of said might be made in thegembodiments above set anode only. V

forth,' itistobeunders thatallmatter-herein 9.--A high frequency. oscillation tube of the set forth orshown in; e accompanying draw- Barkhausen-Kurz type comprising an envel e ing is to be interpreted as illustrative and not housing a cathode, grid and anode, said anode 00 in a limiting sense. to be energized during operation at a substan- Having thus described'rny invention, I claim as tially uniform potential lower than the grid ponew and desire to secure by Letters Patent: tential and havingmeans to substantially inhibit 1. A high frequency oscillation tube of the the generation of high frequency voltage varia- Barkhausen-Kurz type comprising a cathode. tions in all parts of said anode.

66 grid, anode and a metallic member disposed about 10. A high frequency oscillation tube of the said anode and electrically connected thereto and Barkhausen-Kurz type comprising a cathode,

independent of said grid and cathode. grid and anode; and a conducting member dis- 2. A high frequency oscillation tube of the posed about said anode and intimatelyelectri- Barkhausen-Kurz type comprising an envelope cally connected thereto at a plurality of points 70 housing a filament, grid and anode, said anode and independent of said grid and cathode; 70

to be energized during operation at a uniform potential lower than that of the grid, means for IRVING J. 'SAXL.

c mFmAn-i or ommon. in. No.l,988,398'. r i January 1935,

mvmc J. S AXL. It is hereby certified that error appeare' in the printed specification ofj the the above numbered. requiring correction as follows: Page 2, first column, line 5, for "to" read the; and'that the said Letters Patent should be read with thia correetion'therein that the same may conform to the record of the ease. in the Patent Office.

, Signed and sealed this-l2fh day of March, A. 1). i935.

I j Leslie Frazer (s l) V D v Acting Con'miaaiooer of Patents 

